Under 1200 Invitational Tuesday Aft Session June 20, 2023 Scores after 9 rounds Average: 94.5 Section A North-South Pair Pct Score Sectn Rank MPs A B 5 64.81 122.50 A 1 0.72(A) Eli Fluter - Peter Lysak 1 58.20 110.00 A 2 0.50(A) Ken Baker - Rose Dunitz 2 52.65 99.50 A 3 0.36(A) Ronald Miller - Dean Allen 8 49.47 93.50 B 4 1 0.32(B) Rae Lindsay - Buddy Lindsay 6 45.24 85.50 B 2 0.22(B) Lydia Oremba - Paul Omilon 4 44.18 83.50 B Geri Skilnick - Sharon Rooney 7 44.18 83.50 A John Schofield - Findlay Wahl 3 41.27 78.00 B Maria Wiegers - Marian Hutchinson Under 1200 Invitational Tuesday Aft Session June 20, 2023 Scores after 9 rounds Average: 94.5 Section A East-West Pair Pct Score Sectn Rank MPs A B 2 66.96 126.56 A 1 0.72(A) Barbara Miller - Moira Yang 3 58.04 109.69 A 2/3 0.43(A) Gaylene Spence - Sandra Benson 7 58.04 109.69 A 2/3 0.43(A) Audrey Bruch - Lyle Spencer 9 55.66 105.19 A 4 0.25(A) James Bingaman - Sandy Bingaman 4 48.81 92.25 B 1 0.40(B) Mary Coppin - Edie Laidlaw 6 43.15 81.56 B 2 0.28(B) Greg McNamara - Kathleen Irwin 1 42.56 80.44 B Janice Johnstone - Charmayne LeRuyet 8 40.48 76.50 B Susan Baiton - Rick Rennebohm 5 36.31 68.63 B Tina Allen - Judith Sunde RESULTS OF BOARD 1 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 110 4.50 2.50 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 90 2.00 5.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 3-Spence-Benson 100 3.00 4.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 5-Allen-Sunde 100 0.50 6.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 150 6.50 0.50 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 100 0.50 6.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 2-Miller-Yang 150 6.50 0.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 110 4.50 2.50 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 6-McNamara-Irwin ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 2 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 7.00 0.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 480 2.00 5.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 3-Spence-Benson 480 2.00 5.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 5-Allen-Sunde 480 2.00 5.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 480 2.00 5.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 480 2.00 5.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 2-Miller-Yang 450 5.50 1.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 450 5.50 1.50 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 6-McNamara-Irwin ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 3 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 2.50 4.50 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 100 2.50 4.50 2-Miller-Allen vs 3-Spence-Benson 110 6.00 1.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 5-Allen-Sunde 100 2.50 4.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 150 0.00 7.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 100 2.50 4.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 2-Miller-Yang 300 7.00 0.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 90 5.00 2.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 6-McNamara-Irwin ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 4 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 620 5.50 1.50 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 600 4.00 3.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 2-Miller-Yang 100 1.50 5.50 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 100 1.50 5.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 620 5.50 1.50 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 100 1.50 5.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 100 1.50 5.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 3-Spence-Benson 650 7.00 0.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 5-Allen-Sunde ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 5 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 4.00 3.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 90 0.00 7.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 2-Miller-Yang 90 1.50 5.50 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 100 4.00 3.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 120 7.00 0.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 100 4.00 3.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 90 1.50 5.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 3-Spence-Benson 110 6.00 1.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 5-Allen-Sunde ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 6 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 110 2.00 5.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 100 3.50 3.50 2-Miller-Allen vs 2-Miller-Yang 300 0.00 7.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 100 3.50 3.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 200 5.50 1.50 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 200 5.50 1.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 150 1.00 6.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 3-Spence-Benson 300 7.00 0.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 5-Allen-Sunde ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 7 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 650 7.00 0.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 200 5.00 2.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 750 0.00 7.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 3-Spence-Benson 150 1.50 5.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 5-Allen-Sunde 500 6.00 1.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 130 3.50 3.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 150 1.50 5.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 2-Miller-Yang 130 3.50 3.50 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 8 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 420 7.00 0.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 400 1.00 6.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 50 5.00 2.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 3-Spence-Benson 150 3.00 4.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 5-Allen-Sunde 50 5.00 2.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 400 1.00 6.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 50 5.00 2.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 2-Miller-Yang 400 1.00 6.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 9 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 170 7.00 0.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 200 6.00 1.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 620 4.00 3.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 3-Spence-Benson 620 4.00 3.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 5-Allen-Sunde 650 1.00 6.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 650 1.00 6.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 650 1.00 6.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 2-Miller-Yang 620 4.00 3.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 10 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 170 2.50 4.50 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 170 2.50 4.50 2-Miller-Allen vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 620 0.00 7.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 2-Miller-Yang PASS 5.50 1.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 100 7.00 0.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 170 2.50 4.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 170 2.50 4.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet PASS 5.50 1.50 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 3-Spence-Benson ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 11 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 130 2.50 4.50 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 150 0.00 7.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 130 2.50 4.50 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 2-Miller-Yang 130 2.50 4.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 110 5.00 2.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 130 2.50 4.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 150 6.00 1.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 200 7.00 0.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 3-Spence-Benson ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 12 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 120 1.00 6.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 170 7.00 0.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 120 1.00 6.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 2-Miller-Yang PASS 4.50 2.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw PASS 4.50 2.50 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 6-McNamara-Irwin PASS 4.50 2.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm PASS 4.50 2.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 120 1.00 6.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 3-Spence-Benson ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 13 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 140 4.50 2.50 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 140 4.50 2.50 2-Miller-Allen vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 140 4.50 2.50 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 400 7.00 0.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 3-Spence-Benson 140 4.50 2.50 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 5-Allen-Sunde 130 0.00 7.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 110 1.50 5.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 110 1.50 5.50 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 2-Miller-Yang ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 14 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 430 4.00 3.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 430 4.00 3.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 430 4.00 3.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 400 1.50 5.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 3-Spence-Benson 460 6.50 0.50 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 5-Allen-Sunde 400 1.50 5.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 460 6.50 0.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 150 0.00 7.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 2-Miller-Yang ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 15 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 5.00 2.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 140 6.00 1.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 100 3.00 4.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 110 1.00 6.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 3-Spence-Benson 150 7.00 0.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 5-Allen-Sunde 50 4.00 3.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 110 1.00 6.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 110 1.00 6.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 2-Miller-Yang ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 16 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 2.50 4.50 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 5-Allen-Sunde 200 4.00 3.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 420 5.00 2.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 100 2.50 4.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 2-Miller-Yang 450 6.50 0.50 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 450 6.50 0.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 300 1.00 6.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 800 0.00 7.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 17 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 90 2.00 5.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 5-Allen-Sunde 110 6.00 1.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 110 6.00 1.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 110 0.00 7.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 2-Miller-Yang 110 6.00 1.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 90 3.00 4.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 100 4.00 3.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 100 1.00 6.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 18 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 110 7.00 0.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 5-Allen-Sunde 120 6.00 1.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 150 1.00 6.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 150 1.00 6.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 2-Miller-Yang 150 1.00 6.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 130 4.00 3.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 130 4.00 3.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 130 4.00 3.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 19 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 110 2.00 5.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 200 5.00 2.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 170 3.50 3.50 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 300 6.50 0.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 90 1.00 6.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 3-Spence-Benson 170 3.50 3.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 5-Allen-Sunde 50 0.00 7.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 300 6.50 0.50 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 20 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 120 4.00 3.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 150 5.50 1.50 2-Miller-Allen vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 100 1.00 6.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 150 5.50 1.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 100 1.00 6.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 3-Spence-Benson 600 7.00 0.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 5-Allen-Sunde 100 1.00 6.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 110 3.00 4.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 21 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 7.00 0.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 170 1.50 5.50 2-Miller-Allen vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 200 0.00 7.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 140 4.00 3.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 140 4.00 3.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 3-Spence-Benson 110 6.00 1.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 5-Allen-Sunde 140 4.00 3.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 170 1.50 5.50 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 22 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 620 4.50 2.50 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 3-Spence-Benson 620 4.50 2.50 2-Miller-Allen vs 5-Allen-Sunde 650 0.50 6.50 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 620 4.50 2.50 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 620 4.50 2.50 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 2-Miller-Yang 650 0.50 6.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 620 4.50 2.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 620 4.50 2.50 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 23 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 5.00 2.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 3-Spence-Benson 100 4.00 3.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 5-Allen-Sunde 500 7.00 0.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 300 0.00 7.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 140 6.00 1.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 2-Miller-Yang 110 3.00 4.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 200 1.50 5.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 200 1.50 5.50 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 24 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 0.00 7.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 3-Spence-Benson 420 3.00 4.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 5-Allen-Sunde 480 7.00 0.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 7-Bruch-Spencer 420 3.00 4.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 9-Bingaman-Bingaman 450 5.50 1.50 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 2-Miller-Yang 420 3.00 4.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 200 1.00 6.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 450 5.50 1.50 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 25 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 3.00 4.00 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 2-Miller-Yang 200 6.00 1.00 2-Miller-Allen vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 100 2.00 5.00 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 130 1.00 6.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 100 4.00 3.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 200 6.00 1.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 3-Spence-Benson 200 6.00 1.00 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 5-Allen-Sunde 660 0.00 7.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 7-Bruch-Spencer ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 26 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 630 0.50 6.50 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 2-Miller-Yang 600 3.50 3.50 2-Miller-Allen vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 630 0.50 6.50 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 150 6.00 1.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 100 7.00 0.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 600 3.50 3.50 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 3-Spence-Benson 600 3.50 3.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 5-Allen-Sunde 600 3.50 3.50 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 7-Bruch-Spencer ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 27 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 6.50 0.50 1-Baker-Dunitz vs 2-Miller-Yang 1010 0.50 6.50 2-Miller-Allen vs 4-Coppin-Laidlaw 50 6.50 0.50 3-Wiegers-Hutchinson vs 6-McNamara-Irwin 510 5.00 2.00 4-Skilnick-Rooney vs 8-Baiton-Rennebohm 980 3.00 4.00 5-Fluter-Lysak vs 1-Johnstone-LeRuyet 980 3.00 4.00 6-Oremba-Omilon vs 3-Spence-Benson 1010 0.50 6.50 7-Schofield-Wahl vs 5-Allen-Sunde 980 3.00 4.00 8-Lindsay-Lindsay vs 7-Bruch-Spencer ----------------------------------------------------------------------